Fluid and liquid propeller and motor



Sept. s, 1925. 1,553,177

M. KULMER- FLUID AND LIQUID PROPELLER AND MOTOR Filed Oct. 17 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 g&\ e

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"- Mdxffulma' M. KULMER Sept. a, 1925.

PRC'PEILLER AND MOTOR FLUID AND LIQUID Filed Sci. 17. 3924 2 Sheets Sheec 2 ml vg/vi oR MaxKu/m er ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 8, 1925.

MAX KULMER, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA.

FLUID AND LIQUID PROPELLER AND MOTOR.

Application .filed October 17, 1924. Serial No. 744,280.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, MAX KULMER, residing at Vienna, Austria, have invented "certa-1n new and useful Improvements in Fluid and Liquid Propellers and Motors, of which the following is a specification. v

Assuming that a connecting link'operated by a crank and having its crosshead positively guided rectilinearly has rigidly secured to its crosshead a blade at right angles to its longitudinal axis, then owing to the oscillations of this blade relatively to the crosshead guide due to the rotation of the crank a fluid or liquid medium contained in a tube having its axis at right angles to the crossheadguide and crank shaft and en closing the said blade is continuously moved in this tube in one direction. inversely when the medium is caused to flow through the tube the crank is caused-to revolve by means of the blade.

For obtaining a high efli'ciency the amplitude of the oscillations of the blade and the length of the blade must be made as great as possible. The first condition results in that for a given length of the crank the length of the connecting link is as small as possible whereby inturn the length of the blade is reduced so that only a small eiiiciency can be obtained.

Now in order to make the amplitude of the oscillations of the blade independent of the ratio of the length of the crank and the connecting link I provide according to my ,present invention a hinge connection between the blade and the connecting link, the rocking movement of the blade round the hinge being limitedby providing stops. Besides I provide "an arrangement in which preferably driving and controlling elements are combined. v

The drawings illustrate diagrammatically various constructional forms of'theinvention.

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one constructional form, Figs. l and 1 are mod-ificationsthere'of. o p,

Fig. 2 shows another cons ructional form of the driving gear in which the" driving gear and the controlling .g'ea'r are combined.

Fig. 3 shows the blade and the stop surfaces in another position.

Fig. 4 is aplan view ofthe blade shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and 4 Fig. 5 shows a detail. In the constructional form -shown in Fig.

1 the connecting link 3 is connected to the crank arm 2 mounted on the crank shaft 1 the crosshead end of the connecting link is rectilinearly guided and has hinged to it at 4 the blade 5. At the end of the connecting l nk stopping surfaces 6, 7 are provided for limiting the rocking movements of the blade on its hinge. Furthermore stops 8, 9 are provided in planes at right angles to the crosshead guide and passing through the dead centre positions of the I crosshead, These stops 8, 9 are preferably fixed in the hull of the boat or other structure carrying the crank shaft and may be resilient for acting as butters when the ends of the blade strike against them. The parts of the blade on opposite sides at the hinge 4 are diiferent in length so that the two parts of the blade meet with different resistances when moving in the gaseous or liquid medium. The same effect may be obtained by making the two parts of the blade. different in width or area.

When the crank is in its upper dead centre position the blade 5 is at rightangles to the crosshead guide and is in contactwith both stops 8 as shown in full lines in Fig. 1. If now the crank turns in the direction of the arrow and therefore the connecting link moves downwards the blade 5 turns {round the hinge 4 owing to the fact that the larger part of the blade meets with a greater resistance in the medium, thus theblade comes into the position 5 indicated in Fig. l in dotted lines with the end of the larger part of the blade in contact with its stop 8 until this blade comes into contact with the stopping surface 6 on the end-of the connecting link as shown in the position 5 indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. As the crank continues its movement the blade is bodily moved downwards until the end of its smaller part strikes against one of the stops 9 whereupon the blade turns on its hinge 4 until the ends of both parts of the blade are in contact with the contacts 9. As the crank further continues its rotary movement and the crosshead rises first the smaller part of "the blade leaves its stop 9 owing to the tact with the stopping surface 7 ofthe crossgles to the axis of the hinge.

head whereupon the blade is moved upwards bodily similarly as in the case of the downward movement oil the crank above described until the crosshead reaches its upper dead centre position, and thus as the crank moves downwards the operation is repeated.

The arrangement might also be such that the end of the larger blade portion leaves its stop 8 or 9 at substantially the same moment when the. smaller lade portion comes into contact with the diagonally opposite stop 9 or 8 respectively as shown in Fig. 1, in this case the stopping surfaces 6, 7 on the ends of the connecting links may be dispensed with. Resilient elements such as springs 10 may be interposed between the blade 5 and the connecting link 3 as shown in Fig. 1 for reducing shocks.

Finally provisions may be made for re versing the rocking movement of the blade. For this purpose the end of the connecting link may be hinged at 4 to a slide 12, Fig. l adjustable on the blade along the line of symmetry of the same which is at right an- Assuming that the blade 5 is so positioned that the larger part of the same is on the left hand side of this axis as shown in Fig. 1 and that the crank revolves anticlockwise, the blade will act to force fluid from the right to the left or to propel the boat from the left to the right. If now the blade is so displaced relatively to the slide 12 that the part of the blade at the right hand side of the axis of the hinge 4: is larger than the part of the blade on the opposite side of the blade then with the same direction of revolution of the crank the blade will force the fluid from left to right or propel the boat from right to left.

In the constructional form of my invention shown in Figs. 2 to 4t the link 3 acting on the blade 5 and hinged thereto at 4 is rectilinearly guided and reciprocated in any suitable manner, say by a lever 13. 'a connecting link 14: and a crank 2 mounted on a shaft 1 or it might be reciprocated directly by the piston of a motor. As shown in the Figs. 2 to l the bifurcated end of the lever 13 engages with trunnions 18 on a plate 15 free to turn on the link 3 and work ing between two shoulders 16. 17 fixed to the link 3 which passes through a hole 15' in the plate 15 which hole is sufiiciently large to permit the lateral play of the plate 15 due to the rocking movement of the lever, 13; 21 22 are the guides for the link 3.

The hinge l connecting the link 3 with the blade 5 is arranged in this case in the centre of the length of the latter. In order that the part of the blade on one side of the hinge 4 may meet with a greater resistance on moving in the water than the other part of the blade, the blade as an entirety de creases in width from one of its ends. to. the

other. Preferably the wing is semielliptic or parabolic in shape as shown in Fig. 4-.

The stops for limiting the amplitude of the oscillations of tne blade are formed in this constructional form by plates 19 20 in lieu of the stops 8, 9 shown in Fig. 1.

In the constructional form shown in. Figs. 2 to 4 the link 3 is adapted to turn round its longitudinal axis by means of a hand wheel 26 in which the link slides longitudinally. The stop plates 19 and 20 are adapted to turn with the link for this purpose preferably the two plates are connected by stays 23 provided with longitudinal slots 23 into which engage the ends of the hinge bolt 4 so that on turning the link 3 also the plates 19. 20 are turned by the hinge bolt. liftoreover the stop plates 19, 20 are adjustable round the hinge bolt 1. For this purpose one of the plates say 19, is preferably connected at 25 to the one end of a rope 24, the other end of such rope being secured to a hand wheel 2?. Thus by actuating the hand wheel 26 the horizontal direction of the force exerted by or on the blade 5 may be varied at will while by actuating the hand wheel 2''? the inclination of this force to the horizontal may be varied. Therefore in the case of a boat propeller the hand wheel 26 may be used for steering the boat in the horizontal and the hand wheel 27 may be used for steering a submarine in the vertical direction. 7

Otherwise the operation of the c0nstructional form shown in Figs. 2 to 4: is the same as that of the constructional forms shown in Figs. 1, 1 and 1 It will be noted that for reversing the hand wheel 26 only needs to be turned round 180.

The mechanical details above described and shown in the drawings mav be varied without departing from the essence of my invention.

What I claim is:

1. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on a hinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilinearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and stops adapted to engage with the free ends of the said parts of the blade such parts being asymmetric relatively to the geometrical axis of the hinge bolt.

2. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on a hinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilinearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and means for limiting the amplitude of the oscillations of the said blade the said parts of such blade being asymmetric relatively to the geometrical axis of the hinge bolt, and means for adjusting the hinge bolt along the blade in a direction substantially at right angles to the axis of such bolt. 7

3. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on a hinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilinearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and means for limiting the amplitude of the oscillations of the said blade, the said parts of'such blade being asymmetric relatively to the. geometrical axis of the hinge bolt and a slide in which the said hinge bolt is pivoted and means for adjusting the said slide relatively to the blade in a direction at right angles to such bolt.

4:. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on ahinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilinearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and comprising a link adapted to reciprocate rectilinearly and carrying the said hinge bolt and means for limiting the am plitude of the oscillations of the said blade, the said parts of such blade being asymmetric relatively to the geometrical axis of. the hinge bolt.

5. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on a hinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilinearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and comprising a link adapted to reciprocate rectilinearly and carrying the said hinge bolt and means for limiting the amplitude of the oscillations of the said blade, the said parts of such blade being asymmetric relatively to the geometrical axis of the hinge bolt and means for turning the said hinge bolt and link round the longitudinal axis of the latter.

6. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on a hinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilinearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and means for limiting the amplitude of the oscillationsof the said blade, the latter means comprising stop plates adapted to engage with the outer ends or" the two parts of the blade, the said parts of such blade being asymmetric relatlvely of the oscillations of the said blade, the

latter means comprising stop plates adapted to engage wit-h the outer ends of the two parts of the blade, the said parts of such blade being asymmetric relatively to the geometrical axis of the hinge bolt and means for turning the said stop plates together with the said link round the longitudiual axis of the latter.

8. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on a hinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilinearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and means for limiting the amplitude of the oscillations of the said blade, the latter means comprising stop plates adapted to engage with the outer end of the two parts of the blade, the said parts of such blade being asymmetric relatively to the geometrical axis of the hinge bolt, and means for turning the said stop plates round an axis parallel to the said hinge bolt.

9. In combination with a blade adapted to oscillate on a hinge bolt and its area divided thereby into two parts, means for rectilihearly reciprocating the said hinge bolt and means for limiting the amplitude of the oscillations of the said blade, the latter means comprising stop plates adapted to engage with the outer ends of the two parts of the blade, the said parts of such blade being asymmetric relatively to the geometrical axis of the hinge bolt, and means for turning the said stop plates together with the said link round the longitudinal axis of the latter and means for turning the said stop plates round an axis parallel to the said hinge bolt.

MAX KULMER. 

